用爱沙尼亚电子公民（e-Estonia）签名并注册 .ee 域名

2023-05-08

.ee 是爱沙尼亚的互联网国家顶级域名（ccTLD），由爱沙尼亚互联网基金会运营。

常规来说我们要注册一个域名可能会找到自己最喜欢的服务商去搜索一下，比如在 Gandi 上搜索一个域名，然后注册就完事了，但是 .ee 域名稍微有点特殊，从 Gandi 的注册页面中我们可以看到

除了可以注意到价格有点贵的离谱以外，还有个 condition 叫做 To register a domain in .ee, you must meet some registry conditions: be a local or foreign company

为了了解 Gandi 到底有没有在忽悠我们，一个域名能需要什么额外的 additional work 呢？我们找到了爱沙尼亚互联网基金会的网站的域名注册规范：.ee Domain Regulation — Estonian Internet Foundation 看看注册域名具体需要什么。

在 4.1 Identification and identity verification requirements 我们可以看到，注册域名的时候需要对域名的注册进行 Sign：

The Registrant or his representative shall, for the purposes of identity verification and establishment of the Registrant’s intention

方法是用 Mobile-ID 或者 Estonian ID card

4.1.1¹. sign the application submitted to the Registrar either in handwriting in the presence of the Registrar’s representative or electronically using the Estonian ID card or Mobile ID; or

而且标明了电子公民也是认可的：

4.2¹. An electronic signature provided by an e-resident of Estonia shall be deemed equivalent to the electronic signature specified in clause 4.1.1¹ (see Chapter 52 of the Identity Documents Act).

Register

由于我持有爱沙尼亚电子公民卡（随机 Lockdown 期间要当天来回冲刺北京-上海防止被健康宝弹窗而被迫滞留北京给北京贡献经济的冲刺赛体验，假人们谁懂啊），所以这里只需要找一个合理的服务商就好了：

我选择了好久之前好友 clarkzjw 推荐的 https://www.zone.ee/en/ 进行注册，注册流程和常规域名一样注册帐号并填写域名申请（注意，这里的申请人的 LastName 和 FirstName 必须和你的爱沙尼亚电子公民上面完全一致，不然签名会无法通过），而且可以看到在这里注册的话价格就是一个比较正常的域名价格

在付款完成之后我们就需要对域名进行签名，界面大概是这样的：

这个时候只需要选择下方的 ID Card 选择 Estonia ，然后插卡，如果你系统上和浏览器上插件安装正确的话（放心，这个插件不会像网银一样只能用 IE + Windows，我签名的环境是 Linux + Chrome），就会弹出需要输入 PIN2 ，然后确认签名，就完成了！

签名完成后还可以下载带签名的 PDF 文件，文件名后缀是 asice ，可以在本地通过 digidoc 打开，看到完整的文件和签名信息

Whois

WHOIS 信息会不会泄漏呢？我们 whois 一个域名看看信息是怎么样的：

whois xxxxxxxx.ee
[Querying whois.tld.ee]
[whois.tld.ee]
Search results may not be used for commercial, advertising, recompilation,
repackaging, redistribution, reuse, obscuring or other similar activities.

Estonia .ee Top Level Domain WHOIS server

Domain:
name:       xxxxxxxx.ee
status:     ok (paid and in zone)
registered: 2020-01-01 12:25:05 +03:00
changed:    2020-01-01 04:10:15 +03:00
expire:     2020-05-05
outzone:    
delete:     

Registrant:
name:       Private Person
email:      Not Disclosed - Visit www.internet.ee for webbased WHOIS
phone:      Not Disclosed - Visit www.internet.ee for webbased WHOIS
changed:    Not Disclosed

Administrative contact:
name:       Not Disclosed
email:      Not Disclosed - Visit www.internet.ee for webbased WHOIS
changed:    Not Disclosed

Technical contact:
name:       Not Disclosed
email:      Not Disclosed - Visit www.internet.ee for webbased WHOIS
changed:    Not Disclosed

Registrar:
name:       Zone Media OÜ
url:        http://www.zone.ee
phone:      +372 6886886
changed:    2020-07-01 13:55:58 +03:00

Name servers:
nserver:   joel.ns.cloudflare.com
nserver:   vida.ns.cloudflare.com
changed:   2023-05-08 04:10:15 +03:00


Estonia .ee Top Level Domain WHOIS server
More information at http://internet.ee

可以看到 Registrant 部分基本都是 Visit www.internet.ee for webbased WHOIS，通过 www.internet.ee 的界面发现也会看到 Not Disclosed 的结果，所以域名真实注册人身份并不会被对外公开查询到，相关内容在 WHOIS Terms and Conditions 也可以看到：只有被定义为 Legal Person 才会被公开：

This means that the data of the registrant will be published through WHOIS if the registrant is a legal person.

理由是： legal persons do not have private life and do not exist in a physical form, personal rights do not apply to them.

（感觉这里 legal persons 还不能被单纯理解为我们常见的「法人」。

后记

现在大部分域名都自带 WHOIS 保护了，域名注册的部分还是得尽量找靠谱的服务商+填写自己真实的信息，不然可能总是会在奇怪的地方遇到奇怪的问题，比如前段时间尝试注册一个 .pt 域名，然后 Gandi 上填写 Card ID，随便填了个上去，两天之内就收到邮件了：

Hello,

I'm contacting you concerning the domain xxxxxx.pt .

The registry has informed us that the domain name holder could not be correctly identified :

"
Following the assessment of the data associated with the registration of the domain(s) indicated below, and as provided for in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 of article 8 of the .pt Registration Rules, we request the sending, via email to [email protected] , within a maximum period of 2 days, of the following information:
Full name
TIN (proof is required in case of legal entity)
Full address (name and type of street; door identification; housing identification; city; zip code and country)
E-mail address for contact

Please send them necessary information/documents to [email protected] in order to identify domain owner.

If the holder cannot be validated within 2 days, the domain name will be deleted.

虽然这都好多天过去了我域名还在吧..但是指不准什么时候就被收回了呢？（

（当然，有的时候还是会出现一些你确实填了真实信息，但是还是翻车了的情况，比如：关于我的 Name.com 账号被关闭这件事

以上。

#Chinese #Domain